Climate Change Is A Hot - 862 Words

Assignment 3: Climate Change Global climate change is a hot (pun intended) topic in today’s modern, industrialized world. This topic however is crowded with lots of baseless opinions and politicized debates. Even when observing the â€Å"facts† we see that this coin is most definitely two-sided, the information can be and is interpreted in a number of ways depending on which side of the issue you stand. Within this paper I am going to examine both sides of argument with sources from two films, â€Å"Are We Changing Planet Earth†, â€Å"Global Warming: Hype or Hazard?† and a book, â€Å"This Borrowed Earth: 15 Lesson from the worst environmental disasters around the world† by Robert Emmet Hernan. The first side I’m going to discuss is the â€Å"Pro† side. That is, the side with supporters claiming global climate change is both real, likely anthropological and must be addressed immediately. The arguments on this side tend to observe meas urable changes in our environment in the past several hundred to several thousand years, observing previous trends and attempting to match them with future expectations, then comparing them with current realities. The sourced film â€Å"Are We Changing Planet Earth† goes into quite a bit of depth on these particular aspects. Traveling around the world, they inspected what were mostly relatively recent events and how they affected the people and animals. One such example was in Mongolia where the farming industry is rapidly changing to compensate for the progressiveShow MoreRelatedClimate Change Is A Hot Topic1086 Words   |  5 PagesClimate change is a hot topic (pun intended), with supporters on both sides. Some claim that climate change is a hoax, while others agree that it is happening. I believe it is important to understand that the earth’s climate does naturally go through cycles – look at our geological history of ice ages and hothouses – but als o recognize that human activity has greatly advanced the rate at which our planet is warming. The planet naturally goes through periods of extreme cooling and heating. That’sRead MoreClimate Change : A Hot Topic Essay2121 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Recent years, climate change has become a hot topic. Scientists constantly express their concern about the devastating results that the climate change has brought us or about to happen to us. According to a new estimate conducted by Intergovernmental panel on Climate Change, if humans continued using fossil fuels in current rate, the Earth’s average temperature would rise by between 2.6 and 4.8 degrees above pre-industrial levels by 2100, which may result in a series of catastrophicRead MoreClimate Change Is A Hot Topic On Today s World1501 Words   |  7 PagesIt’s no secret that climate change is a hot topic in today’s world. Some believe that it is real, and some don’t, but none the less it is at the center of all debates. Our everyday life and amenities are at the mercy of the climate. Although most people agree that the earth is warming up, they don’t agree on how, why, or the way it will change the future. It is argued that global warming a lso known as climate change, is due to emissions of carbon from human activity into the atmosphere, causingRead MoreGlobal Climate Change Has Become A Hot Topic1778 Words   |  8 PagesGlobal climate change has become a hot topic in recent years. Countries have recently been working together to improve air quality, water systems, and waste management. A large contribution to our climate issue, is how governments and companies release chemicals, and waste into the environment. This law would allow for the people and the government to step in, and make sure companies follow through in keeping the environment safe. The reason this law is necessary, is that the United States is oneRead MoreClimate Change Has Been Recently A Hot Debate Among Politicians, Industry Experts And Scientists1362 Words   |  6 PagesClimate change has been recently a hot debate among politicians, industry experts and scientists, in particular after Paris agreement in Dec 2015. This agreement sets out a global action plan to limit global warming below 2 degree centigrade by reducing carbon emission (European Commission 2015). Fossil fuel combustion is the most important player in carbon emission although certain industrial processes and land-use changes have some contribution (Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2016). Therefore; it isRead MoreHow Does the Climate of Italy, Spain, and Greece Affect the Fruit Crops they grow?1043 Words   |  5 Pagessame region of Europe, their climates are almost nearly the same. As for their fruit, they had their own unique fruits as they are in different regions of Mediterranean. They may hav e some same kinds of fruits with each other. How these two, climate and fruit, connected with each other? Some people said that only the landforms can change the climate. Some people said the climates can change the food. What is the relationship between climates and fruit? Most of the climates that Italy, Spain, and GreeceRead MoreThe Importance Of Weather Patterns And Extremes1241 Words   |  5 PagesWeather Patterns and Extremes The Central Valley has many weather hazards that can be linked to cyclones and various frontal formations, with the most common hazards being droughts and heat waves. Chang et al. (2015) evaluated the change in precipitation due to extratropical cyclone activity and found that most of the precipitation that the region receives during the winter is due to extratropical cyclones and their fronts. When evaluating three consecutive winters, results showed that precipitationRead MoreExtreme Climate Groups Project : Climate Group Project884 Words   |  4 PagesExtreme Climate Group Project Each group will be assigned to one of the following extreme climate places: Death Valley, California- Extreme Heat/ Extreme Dry Antarctica- Extreme Cold Kauai, Hawaii- Extreme Wet Sahara Desert- Extreme Dry Kilimanjaro- Extreme Altitude You will need to research and explain the following about your location: Describe the climate: What is the general weather pattern, explain in detail- giving the temperature averages and precipitation. Explain why this place has theRead MoreThe Differences Between Architects Le Corbusier And Laurie Baker1099 Words   |  5 PagesHow Do Concerns Such As Sustainability And Climate Change Relate To A Contemporary Visual Culture? Formally Analyse The Difference Between Architects Le Corbusier And Laurie Baker In Conjunction With The Required Readings. Jason Mikha Student Number: 27004791 Art and design theory C December 2015 This essay will discuss the differences between the two architects, Le Corbusier and Laurie Baker and how concerns such as sustainability and climate change relates to contemporary visual culture. LeRead MoreEssay On Climate Weather930 Words   |  4 Pages Using a color-coded graft to emphasize Climate date records as far back as 1880 to 2016, to show seasonal month cycles on a global map from the NASAs Goddard Institute for Space Studies. The article shows in September 2017, was the hottest weather in over 137 years. Using trusted historical measurements as part of their tools, NASA was able to visibly show the global land specific heat temperature data in a transparent manner. The practice of monitoring the global temperature to keep records

Eating Disorders Essays - 1393 Words

Introduction When you think of the words â€Å"eating disorders†, you automatically picture someone who is thin. This is partly true because people who suffer from anorexia or bulimia are relatively thin, but what you did not know is that there is also an eating disorder that affects mostly those who are obese and it is called binge eating. Eating disorders are any of several psychological disorders characterized by serious disturbances of eating behavior (Merriam Webster, 2014), the best-known eating disorders are bulimia nervosa, binge eating and anorexia nervosa (Yancey, 1999). Not only do eating disorders have the highest mortality rate than any other mental illnesses, but it is estimated that in the U.S. twenty-four million†¦show more content†¦There is not exactly a specific age group that bulimia tends to affect and because of this 1-2% of adolescents suffer from this disorder (NEDA Feeding Hope) It is estimated that 10-15% of bulimics are male, and gay men account for 14% of male bulimics (ANAD), although men are more reluctant to seek help because bulimia is considered a â€Å"women’s illness† (Colwell, 2012). Approximately 4% of females in the U.S will develop bulimia in their lifetime, according to Boston Children’s Hospital 1-5% of adolescents suffer from bulimia (Nordqvist, 2009), the mortality rate for bulimics is 3.9% with only 6% of both men and women seeking any help or treatment. (Eating Disorder Hope) There are many risk factors that play a role in whether or not an individual develops anorexia such as: being bullied, victims of physical or sexual abuse, low self-esteem, genetics and cultural factors. (Nordqvist, 2009) Although there isn’t a treatment that completely treats and helps an individual overcome bulimia methods such as: psychotherapy, family therapy, counseling and medication have been proven to help those with bulimia (Nordqvist, 2009). The only medication that is approved in the U.S. to help those w ho suffer from bulimia and because of it have developed depression is Prozac, but those with bulimia and no signs of depression may still benefit from it (Nordqvist, 2009). Binge Eating Remember how it was mentioned that there is an eating disorder that mostly affects those whoShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders : Eating Disorder1205 Words   |  5 PagesEating Disorders in Today’s World Eating disorders are alive and well in today’s world and they are a major problem. An eating disorder can look like a few different things, ranging from a severe reduction of food intake to over eating to feelings of negativity towards your body shape or weight (Lehigh University). While some disorders can only be found in specific age groups, races, etc., eating disorders can be found amongst all and it does not necessarily have to be pointed towards food (LehighRead MoreEating Disorders : An Eating Disorder1184 Words   |  5 Pagesas an eating disorder. Weir (2016) goes on to explain the origins behind eating disorders in individuals. This topic is important because, in the United States, many women and men suffer from a clinically significant eating disorder at some point in their life. It is important to know the influences that cause an individual to experience an eating disorder. Genetically, or environmentally, or both genetically and environmentally. Anorexia ner vosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder are eatingRead MoreEating Disorders And Eating Disorder1573 Words   |  7 Pagesaffects people called an â€Å"eating disorder.† Why did you choose this topic? I chose this topic because it is a very prevalent issue in our society today, and a close friend of mine is suffering from an eating disorder. What question(s) did you want to answer or what was your hypothesis regarding this topic? As mammals, there is no chance of escaping the need to consume food in everyday life. However, when it comes to food there can be a major concern of eating too much or eating too little. Doing eitherRead MoreEating Disorders And Eating Disorder1104 Words   |  5 PagesEating disorder is a serious problem happens in both men and women. Eating disorder is a sort of disease in which a person is having a strange routine of eating like consuming a huge amount of food each time they eat. This can incorporate not eating enough nourishment or indulging. Eating disorder influence many people around the world. The larger part of peoples who are dealing with this issue are ladies. A person with eating disorder issue may focus nonsensically on their weight and shape. EatingRead MoreEating Disorders And Eating Disorder1410 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"An eating disorder is about anxiety and control and healing from trauma and food and weight are just the tools of destruction† (Floyd, Mim ms, Yelding, 2008). An eating disorder is defined as a severe disturbance in eating behavior. An eating disorder, as defined by our text book for class, is psychological disturbances that lead to certain physiological changes and serious health complications. The three most common and most easily identifiable forms of eating disorders include anorexia nervosaRead MoreEating Disorders : Eating Disorder966 Words   |  4 PagesEating Disorders Many people, both women and men of all ages, suffer from the psychological disorder, eating. Up to thirty million people in the world suffer from some kind of an eating disorder. There a two types of eating disorders, anorexia and bulimia, and have several methods of treatment. What is an eating disorder, and what do they cause? Eating disorders are maladaptive and very serious interruptions in eating. They can come in the form of overeating, or not eating enough, they are oftenRead MoreEating Disorders And Eating Disorder1496 Words   |  6 PagesAn eating disorder is an illness that causes serious disturbances to your everyday diet, such as eating extremely small amounts of food or severely overeating. A person with an eating disorder may have started out just eating smaller or larger amount of food, but as some point, the urge to eat less or more has gotten out of control. Severe distress or concern about body weight or shape may also signal an eating disorder. Common eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and a binge-eatingRead MoreEating Disorders : Eating Disorder1031 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The eating disorder is a very jealous and abusive partner. It requires a lot of devotion in the extent that you have to devote yoursel f to tending to the anorexia. There s not a lot of time left over for adult life,† was stated by Dr. Doug Bunnell, a specialist in eating disorders. Eating disorders effect a variety of people. Age, race, and gender aren’t role playing keys in eating disorders. Not everyone gets an eating disorder, but if they do then, it will more than likely destroy their livesRead MoreEating Disorders : An Eating Disorder1906 Words   |  8 Pagesobtain their body goal, thus causing an eating disorder. An eating disorder is a psychological condition that is characterized by abnormal or disturbed eating habits. There are three types of eating disorders; which are Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating.These disorders affect all aspects of a person’s life, including their psychological, emotional, and physical health. There are many factors that contribute to individuals developing eating disorders including: genetics, family pressuresRead MoreEating Disorders : Ea ting Disorder1235 Words   |  5 PagesEating Disorders Eating disorders are a very serious psychological condition that affects your mind so that you are more focused on your food and weight than you are on everything else. The most known and most commonly diagnosed eating disorders are anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder; however, these are not the only eating disorders. Eating disorders cause psychical and psychological problems, which at their worst can even become life threating. Statistics show that more women are affected

New Trends In E-Business E-Government And M-Commerce Essay

Abstract The internet has emerged as a major, perhaps eventually the most important worldwide distribution channel for goods, services, managerial and professional jobs. This has profoundly changed the economics, markets and industry structure, products and services and their flow. The consumer segmentation, values and behavior has been shifting constantly due to new technological advances in electronic commerce and mobile commerce. E-commerce has given consumers cheaper products and services, instant delivery, no sales tax and information availability. The changes in the Internet and World Wide Web technologies and services lead to new developments in the way E-government efforts provide services to citizens and businesses, and in the†¦show more content†¦It was discovered that through the use of this technology, customers could to business transactions with the organization electronically, and this led to the birth of â€Å"electronic business,† also referred as â€Å"E-Com merce†. An E-business model is an approach to conducting electronic business on the Internet, E-business transactions take place between two major entities-business and consumers. All E-business activities happen within the framework of two types of business relationship: (1) the exchange of products and services between business (B2B) and (2) the exchange of products and services with consumers (B2C), this is taken from Business Driven Information Systems book. E-Government The discoveries achieved in early days of Web-enabled technologies through the use of electronic business led to the discovery of â€Å"electronic government†, also known as â€Å"eGov†. Government organizations began using these technologies to develop various applications to serve and govern their population in a fashion that was not possible a decade earlier. E-government uses improved Internet-based technology to make it easy for citizens and businesses to interact with the government, save taxpayer dollars, and streamline citizen-to-government communication. (Whitehouse). Now a days, E-government applicationsShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Greening Of Management1336 Words   |  6 Pagesanalyze why the trend of green management strategies and perspectives have proven successful. In addition to the behaviors of the MoD, a green management perspective illustrated by management studies shows that companies that integrate green management appeal to a sector of stakeholde rs called â€Å"green stakeholders.† Green stakeholders are made up of the average environmentally-conscious consumer purchasing products or services from the organization, but also meet the demands set by government agencies throughRead MoreForms and Classification of Online Business1729 Words   |  7 PagesForms and classification of online business According to (Adam, Z.R.), the major different types of e-commerce (B2B) Business-to Business, (B2C) Business-to-Consumer, (B2G) Business-to-Government, (C2C) Consumer-to-Consumer and M-commerce which is mobile commerce. Business-to-business is simply e-commerce that is present between two businesses. It is said that it is the fastest growing type of e-commerce, much faster than B2C. It is a type of e-commerce wherein two businesses transact withRead MoreE Commerce1203 Words   |  5 PagesElectronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce, is a type of industry where buying and selling of product or service is conducted over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. Electronic commerce draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerceRead MoreEssay about The ECommerce Environment of Singapore1496 Words   |  6 PagesIndonesia. The island measures a total of 637 square kilometers with a coastline 193 kilometers long. Singapore is generally c omprised of lowland areas with a central plateau in the middle of the island. Its elevation ranges from the Bukit Timah, (166 m.), to the Singapore Strait which is at sea level. Its climate is tropical and wet. Precipitation occurs on 40% of all days, (70% of days in April). Singapores two biggest natural recourses are its fishing industry, and its deep water ports. SingaporeRead Moreâ€Å"Emerging Trends in Commerce Education to Face the Challenges of Dynamic Business World†1621 Words   |  7 PagesORIGINAL ARTICLE â€Å"Emerging trends in Commerce Education to face the challenges of dynamic business world† Jitendra Ahirrao1 and Prakash Ratanlal Rodiya2 1 Asoociate Professor, Department of Commerce,Smt. Dankunwar Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Jalna.E-mail: drahirrao@indiatimes.com 2 (M. Com., M. Phil., UGC NET)H. No. 135, Near Vitthal Mandir, Mahada Colony,Mantha Road, Jalna-431203. E-mail: prakashrodiya@rediffmail.com Abstract: Commerce education is business education. Commerce education is that area ofRead MoreMS Business Models2059 Words   |  9 PagesQUESTION 1: LIST THE BUSINESS MODELS USED BY M S Product/ Service Customization Model M S moderately or diligently aligns its products and ideas based on the dynamic or ever transforming market trends and fashion needs. According to the case study, M S is highly concentrated in the fashion industry and its ever-growing demand for its exclusive garments and customized accessories. Hands-on approach is mostly utilised by modelling agencies to fulfil the industry’s standards, and in the processRead MoreHow Is the Internet Reshaping What We Mean by Culture?1436 Words   |  6 Pagesstandardized Internet Protocol (IP). It is made up of thousands of smaller commercial, academic, domestic, and government networks. It carries various information and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, and the interlinked Web pages and other documents of the World Wide Web. (Wikipedia). The Internet has changed the way we communicate, the way we learn and the way we trade. Communication trends have changed in the past few years that no one would have predicted. It is ev ident that the InternetRead MoreEssay How Is The Internet Reshaping Culture1362 Words   |  6 Pagesstandardized Internet Protocol (IP). It is made up of thousands of smaller commercial, academic, domestic, and government networks. It carries various information and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, and the interlinked Web pages and other documents of the World Wide Web. (Wikipedia). The Internet has changed the way we communicate, the way we learn and the way we trade. Communication trends have changed in the past few years that no one would have predicted. It is evident that the InternetRead MoreE-Commerce for My Business578 Words   |  2 Pages Based on my future reading from â€Å"The Relationship between E-Commerce Adoption and Organization Performance† , the finding is also quite similar with these journal by which it had stated that the click-and mortar firm should also applying e-commerce and determine the necessary areas that need to be re-engineered in the process to increase the firm’s performance. However, it had been recommended that future researcher should consider some factors in determining their research by which Mutia SobihahRead MoreComparison Between E-Business and Traditional Business1559 Words   |  7 PagesElectronic Business (E-Business) is a perplexing practice due to the numerous aspects it involves. In today’s rapidly changing environment, organizations adopt E-Business to respond to several business drivers. The progressions of the macro-environments are creating innovative business environments, in which E-Business is considered a normal practice. This paper attempts to mod el the business environment and evaluate its competitive characteristics by comparing the traditional business with E-Business

Theoritical Foundation of a T Beck’s Ct and A. Ellis Rebt Free Essays

Introduction This essay is going to compare and contrast the theoretical foundations of A.T.Beck’s Cognitive therapy (CT) and A. We will write a custom essay sample on Theoritical Foundation of a T Beck’s Ct and A. Ellis Rebt or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ellis’s Rational Emotional Behavioral Therapy (REBT). The first is going to bring out and emphasize on the similarities, the second paragraphs is going to focus on the differences in their theories that makes them pioneers in their own field, Paragraph four is going to talk and argue the strength and limitations of CT and paragraph five will argue the strength and weaknesses of REBT theories and the sixth paragraph will summarize the essay as a whole. Both theories (CT and REBT) share some common characteristics. They both believe in cognition which stresses on our thoughts and beliefs, emphasising on how our feelings are not caused directly by a situation or event, but by the meaning we attach to the situation. They both focus on treatment planning and case conceptualization, CT is formulation driven and REBT disputes irrational beliefs. Both theories believe that peoples thoughts, beliefs and interpretations about themselves is the notion they will have in their life event (Westbrook D. et al 2007, p.3), i.e. what we think and do affect how we feel. Becks CT and Ellis’s REBT both deals more on here and now than the past, for they prefer to tackle problems directly by focusing on those factors that are presently accommodating the problem and then changing the whole process (Westbrook D. et al ,2007, p.5.), rather than digging into the past that has no significant effect on the present issue. They are both goal focussed, R EBT is aimed at re-educating client so their life philosophy is rational. While CT focuses on how thinking and behaviour play an important role in people’s emotional difficulties. The theories both have structured agendas and set homework (Westbrook et al) and (Collins, need to know). Despite all this similarities, their base (origin) is different, which has brought some differences in their theories. The most important difference between A T Becks CT and A Ellis’s REBT is that CT is empirically based (science) psychotherapy. It believes that it is not a particular situation or event that directly causes problems, but the meaning we attach to the situation, while REBT is philosophically based (Padesky C A 2005) which focuses on negative thoughts. This difference in them has brought about division in the initial therapies that were formally in existence. Becks therapy centres on automatic thoughts and how dysfunctional a belief can be by teaching clients the skills that will enable them to caution their belief (Padesky Beck, 2003, p.215). Beck uses Socratic methods and collaborative (guided discovery) to help client ascertain and test their own belief by experiment and personal observation, While Ellis based his theory on Irrationality focusing on negative thoughts and helps client to separate functional from dysfunctional thoughts (Padesky Beck, 2003, p.218). Ellis uses ABC model (A=activating event /what you are aware of, B=belief/ negative thought about the situation and C=consequences/emotional reaction), which indicates that an events or situation you are aware of, triggers to set off a negative belief about a situation and leads to consequence (emotional reaction). REBT approach stressed actively working to change a client’s self-defeating beliefs and behaviour by demonstrating their irrationality, self-defeatism and r igidity. Ellis believed that through rational analysis and cognitive reconstruction, people could understand their self defeatingness in light of their core irrational beliefs and then develop more rational construct. Ellis uses varieties of methods which seems to be more effective to change underlying assumptions (â€Å"should and musts†) by directly going against what he calls Irrational believes (Padesky Beck, 2003, p.217) by engaging in row with the client. Beck has been consistent with scientific (empirical) findings regarding particular problems and focusing on thought consistency. Ellis’s REBT theory leads to more empirical investigation in individual clients than CT theory probably does. CT has different models for specific problems and disorders such as Depression (Beck et al, 1979), Social Anxiety (Clark and Wells, 1995) and Low self-esteem (Fennel, 1998). It focuses on whatever levels of thought are needed to alleviate problem, while REBT challenges factual statements and inferences more than should. Having looked at the similarities and differences between CT and REBT, It will be ideal to also look at their individual strengths and limitations. CT has become the most popular and most validated form of CBT. It is widely known and largely in use worldwide and it has in recent decade spread more rapidly than REBT (Padesky Beck, 2003, p211) due to lack of extensive research on REBT. Beck’s CT has scientifically certified treatment and made diagnosis on so many problems including Anxiety and Depression which are very common problems that require counselling. CT is ethical and evidence based, in the sense that it builds confidence in the end users on how effective the treatment they are going to get is going to be (Westbrook et al, 2007, p6). CT is collaborative by discouraging dependence on counsellors by allowingclients to be experts on their own problems while the therapist, guide the client to re-discover themselves by working as a team with each party standing as an expe rt in its own field. But with REBT, the therapist is an expert all the way in the client’s problem. Ellis’s REBT also has some strengths and limitations attached to it. REBT emphasizes basic understanding of thinking processes and learned skills to reduce relapse more, probably, than does CT (Padesky Beck, 2003, p.216). REBT stresses the direct disputation of believes, especially when irrational beliefs are shown to client and disputed by the therapist, clients are shown other cognitive, experiential, and behavioural way of discovering and disputing them. REBT shows the client that â€Å"must should† is likely lying behind their word when the client belief cannot be formulated in their own words (Padesky Beck, 2003, p.16). But REBT falls in the danger of imposing its own philosophy on client, it doesn’t emphasize emotions much and focuses too much on thought and also fails to explain why one clings on to their beliefs. References Padesky, C.A., Beck, A.T. (2003), Science and philosophy: Comparison of Cognitive Therapy and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy. Journal of cognitive Psychotherapy, 17(3), 211-224. Ellis, A. (2005). Discussion of â€Å"Science and philosophy: Comparison of cognitive therapy and rational Emotive Behaviour therapy†. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 19(2), 181-185. Padesky, C.A., Beck, A.T. (2005). Response to Ellis’s discussion of â€Å"Science and Philosophy: Comparison of Cognitive Therapy and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy†. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 19(2), 187-189. Westbrook D; Kennerley H; and Kirk J. Introduction to Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. Collins; need to knowCognitive Behavioural Therapy, 2008. McLeod J, An introduction to counselling, third edition. Adams R; Dominelli L and Payne M, Social Work- Themes, Issues and critical debates. How to cite Theoritical Foundation of a T Beck’s Ct and A. Ellis Rebt, Essay examples

Broadcasting Programming And The Audience Essay Research free essay sample

Broadcasting, Programming, And The Audience Essay, Research Paper Broadcasting, Programming, and The Audience Steiner # 8217 ; s Model Steiner # 8217 ; s model on programming penchants and broadcast medium picks attempts to demo how Stationss come to the decision of what programming to demo. This theoretical account goes on the premise that broadcasters will travel after the largest audience possible. Traveling on the information given about this conjectural state of affairs, we can foretell what each of the four Stationss in this market will demo. There are three distinguishable audience penchants. The first groups of 1200 viewing audiences has a first scheduling penchant of situation comedies and a 2nd pick of soaps. The 2nd group Numberss 900 viewing audiences and would pick bulls foremost and lather 2nd. The 3rd group, 500 viewing audiences, likes soaps foremost and situation comedies and their 2nd pick. This theoretical account says that the audience will watch their first pick foremost and so the 2nd pick, but merely is their first pick is non available. Let # 8217 ; s say that the Federal Communications Commission licenses station A in their market. Looking at the spectator penchants, station A would get down to broadcast soaps. By show soaps, it would capture a market of 2600 viewing audiences. All viewing audiences would watch because soaps is their first pick or it is their 2nd pick but their first is non available. The FCC so offers a licence to station B. After analyzing the audience sizes, Stationss B besides starts to demo soaps. By programming to this audience, it splits the soaps market with station A and both of them have 1300 viewing audiences. Station B does non pick another scheduling because no other pick can offer more than 1300 viewing audiences. When the FCC offers a licence to station C, things will decidedly alteration in this market. Station C sees the biggest audience available is the situation comedy market with 1200 viewing audiences. But when station C takes that 1200 viewing audiences from the soap audience which clasp situation comedies as their first pick, station A and B will both bead to 700 viewing audiences. They now have to do a determination. Both can happen larger markets elsewhere. One station, and it does non count which one, will exchange to hook shows. For this conjectural, station B would take bulls for 900 viewing audiences. Station A, who still is demoing soaps, now merely has 500 viewing audiences. It does non like that, so it starts to demo situation comedies. Audience 3, with 500 viewing audiences, now is watching situation comedies because there are no soaps out at that place. Station A and C are both demoing situation comedies and are dividing a viewer audience of 1700 for 850 each. Now that the viewing audiences are confused about what station is demoing what, the FCC offers a 4th licence to station D. After scrutiny, station D decides to get down airing situation comedies in competition with Stationss A and C. All three Stationss have an audience portion of 566. That is more than the 500 soap viewing audiences or dividing the 900 bulls viewing audiences with station B. Although Steiner # 8217 ; s theoretical account is non excessively far off what happens in today # 8217 ; s telecasting landscape, it does hold a twosome of drawbacks that keeps it from being a true theoretical account. Steiner does non take into consideration that some audiences are more valuable to advertizers than others. Because advertizers want certain viewing audiences, Stationss might plan to that audience to pull more advertising dollars. Steiner besides assumes that as Stationss go into competition with another station, they will divide the audience every bit. That is non ever the instance. Viewing audiences will watch the station they believe has the better quality, even if there are two or three Stationss demoing the same thing. This theoretical account does offer some penetrations on how Stationss and webs make determinations. Just expression at the Television Guide and see how many situation comedies there are on any given dark. This besides shows why some minority viewing audiences neer get programming directed at them. The Stationss are traveling to the bulk audiences which have larger Numberss. The minority spectator penchants, under these theoretical account, have to hold another station before they get to see their shows, in this state of affairs. First Transcript Costss First transcript costs in the newspaper industry are the fixed costs of having a paper and publishing the first 1. First transcript costs include the money spend on points that are necessary for the newspaper to be printed. These fixed costs do non change as the figure of documents increases or lessenings. Because they do non change, they are really of import and must be covered by advertisement and subscriptions. These fixed costs include the physical works, the imperativenesss, the printers, newsmans, lensmans, other staff members and the bringing trucks. The interesting things about fixed costs is that you have to hold them. You can non stint or merely non purchase them. To cut corners, a paper does non engage newsmans, but how does it cover the local intelligence? Whether or non you print a paper, you still must pay for that material. To calculate the first transcript costs of a newspaper, the fixed costs and the cost of the paper and ink of the first issue off the imperativeness are added together. For case, allow # 8217 ; s say that the fixed costs of a newspaper is $ 1 million and the first issue costs $ 1 to publish. The first transcript costs $ 1,000,001. Looking at this, it sounds like newspapers would neer do any money, but we have non figured in variable costs. These include the paper, ink and related costs of running the imperativeness. As the measure of documents goes up, these monetary values normally go down. As the measure continues to travel up, the norm cost comes down and each paper gets cheaper and cheaper. First transcript costs keep many documents from having their ain imperativenesss. Large dailies must have their ain imperativenesss in order to run into distribution deadlines and guarantee that the ir paper gets printed on clip. Smaller documents can non afford that foremost transcript cost, so they have to contract with other to publish their paper. First transcript costs are a finding factor in how a paper is operated. Whether it owns it ain imperativenesss or non, the size of its staff and how frequently it prints is all tied into these first transcript costs. Economy of Scale with Cable Television By the nature of the animal, overseas telegram operators usually get sole franchises to provide a community with their overseas telegram service ; so speaking about competition in the overseas telegram industry sounds like an oxymoron. But there are marks that it might really vie in a manner. Less than 50 metropoliss in the United States are overbuilt, or have more than one overseas telegram supplier. Yet surveies show that those overbuilt metropoliss have lower basic overseas telegram subscription rates, $ 14.31 compared to $ 17.31. Can competition within the overseas telegram system be created? Probably non. The barriers against entry for new overseas telegram operators in a specific market are great. To get down with, the new operator must acquire a franchise understanding with that metropolis. The incumbent franchise will non stand still for this. Those in the local authorities besides will fear that the incumbent franchise might alter benefits or upset the local political state of affairs. Economicss of Scale would propose that the officeholder would hold lower mean costs because they are already at that place and have a better distribution system. The 2nd franchise would hold high entry costs because they have to threading their ain overseas telegram and many times they have to bury the new overseas telegram. This extra work means high building costs and community exasperation as they rupture up roads and paces. The officeholder can use hold tactics to do it really hard to get down up new franchises. From political force per unit area to cases to dropping monetary value and maintaining their clients happy, holds will do the new cat on the block discouraged and out. Within the overseas telegram operator webs, like TCI or CableVision, webs themselves own or have a fiscal involvement in some of the channels they carry. Time-Warner owns TBS, CNN and a host of other channels started by the Turner Broadcast System. Although this sounds like a serious misdemeanor of the anti-trust Torahs, no competition has been put up against this pattern. In fact, it has been shown that multi-system operators and overbuilt metropoliss # 8217 ; operators are more likely to provide channels owned by other webs. Transporting their ain channels allows webs to increase net incomes and helps maintain subscription rates down. And, as a practical affair, overseas telegram systems demand channels to set out at that place for people to watch. Owning or holding fiscal involvement in channels ensures that they have programming to transport. With all the things traveling against the competition of overseas telegram systems, the market demand for overseas telegram is elastic. The Crandall survey, sponsored by TCI, showed that an elastic rate of 2.2 agencies that as subscription rates go up 1 per centum, 2.2 per centum of the endorsers will call off their service. As the market show snap, the world is that is usually does non work that manner. To carry endorsers to take their higher rates, overseas telegram operators offer new channels along with the rate hiking. The figure of channels has traditionally been a step of quality and as # 8220 ; quality # 8221 ; goes up, so can the rates. Cable in the close hereafter will see some competition from sectors outside of the overseas telegram industry. The Telecommunication Act of 1996 will do it easier for telephone and public-service corporation companies to travel caput to caput with the overseas telegram operators. This might alter the competition landscape of overseas telegram Television. Programing To the Minority Audiences Because webs and broadcasters look to capture the largest audience possible, many times the minority gustatory sensations are ignored. These minorities now have more picks today than they did before as engineering expands. Steiner # 8217 ; s pattern described how broadcasters went after larger audiences and skip over minority gustatory sensations. As engineering progresss and more Stationss are introduced, Steiner # 8217 ; s theoretical account would propose that those minority gustatory sensations were met. In a state of affairs where authorities regulates a little figure of broadcast Stationss, minority gustatory sensation audiences have small resort. The lone option that they have is to petition the authorities to coerce the Stationss to plan to them. Such was the instance with spiritual groups. They got the Federal Communications Commission to do Stationss apportion clip for specific faiths and their shows. In a authorities sponsored market with a limited figure of channels, some programming for the minority gustatory sensations will look. The authorities would patronize a channel that showed minority gustatory sensation programming. On the down side here, the other broadcasters will go on to disregard minority gustatory sensations because their demands are met someplace else. Broadcasters will go on to take for the bulk markets. Today, with an limitless figure of channels available, minorities have programming provided to them. Those with minority gustatory sensations can now get down their ain channel to provide purely to themselves. Whatever their gustatory sensations, they will hold it. The benefit of limitless channel supply is that the market audience supports acquiring more and more scheduling. Once person see a type of programming work and do money, they might travel after the same market. Broadcasters who one time avoid that type of programming can now get down another channel and pat into that market without take awaying from its bulk audience scheduling. As the engineering improves and allows more and more minority groups to acquire involved with broadcast medium, we will get down to see a crisp addition in forte channels ; more than what we presently see.

Procter and Gamble

Application of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Procter Gamble is a large American company that specializes in distribution of consumer goods. Some of the products distributed by the company include foodstuff, cleaning agents, beverages, and personal care products. These products are expected to meet different needs of an individual.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Procter and Gamble specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Maslow’s hierarchy of needs can be applied to define the preferences of consumers (Noel 2009, p. 124). The following diagram shows the Hierarchy of Needs, as observed by Maslow. At the bottom are the most basic needs. Such needs are very important because an individual cannot exist without them. As one moves up the pyramid, the needs become secondary. Many individuals rarely reach the highest point, which is the self-actualization need. As shown above, a number of products distributed by P rocter and Gamble are basic implying that an individual cannot do without them. Food and beverages are meant to satisfy hunger and thirst. These are the most basic needs of a human being. The company should therefore consider increasing production of foodstuff and beverages because the two products are in high demand. It is possible to change consumer needs because they grow over time. An individual may perceive a product like medicated soap to be a social need, especially if its cost is high. However, a marketer can change this perception through advertisements. This would convince the consumer that the product is needed for the protection of skin. The product would no longer be a social need, but a safety need. This would definitely increase the sales of the company in the market.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Effects of Different Groups on Consumer Behavior Consumer be havior is always shaped by different factors. A consumer would have a negative perception towards a certain product because of cultural practices or other social factors. Peer is known to be one of the leading determinants of an individual’s behavior. The way an individual behaves would be shaped by the group behavior. The youth forms a market segment that is most influenced by peer pressure. An individual would buy a product based on how his or her peer feels about that particular product (Blythe 2008, p. 57). At this stage of development, the peers are very sensitive about what others think about them in society. They would always strive to eliminate all forms of negative comments from their age mates. They would also wish to be viewed as trendy individuals. Religious groupings would also affect the behavior of a consumer. Because of their religion, Muslims would rarely buy pork. Key Research Areas to Research on as a Marketer of Procter and Gamble Research activities would focus on youths because they form a major market segment for this firm. The main interest would be to determine the factors that affect the behavior of youths in the market (Solomon 2010, p. 94). Moreover, the researcher would be interested in knowing how the emerging technologies affect the behavior of youths in the market. From this research, the researcher would be hopeful of coming up with strategies that would make the company benefit from this market segment. This is because the market segment for youths has been growing steadily in the twenty-first century. Moreover, this market segment would be a surety for the firm’s sustainability. Outline of a Marketing Research Proposal In conducting this research, the outline will be simple but detailed. The research would focus on covering all the relevant details. It would take the following format: Introduction Literature review Methodology Data analysis Conclusion and recommendations List of References Blythe, J 2008, Cons umer behavior, Thomson Learning, London.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Procter and Gamble specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Noel, H 2009, Consumer behavior, AVA Academia, Lausanne. Solomon, M 2010, Consumer behavior: a European perspective, Prentice Hall, Harlow. This report on Procter and Gamble was written and submitted by user F1rebrand to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Jimmy Carter- Facts on the 39th President

Jimmy Carter- Facts on the 39th President Here is a quick list of fast facts for Jimmy Carter. For more in depth information, you can also read the Jimmy Carter Biography. Birth: October 1, 1924 Death: Term of Office: January 20, 1977 - January 20, 1981 Number of Terms Elected: 1 Term First Lady: Eleanor Rosalynn Smith Chart of the First Ladies Jimmy Carter Quote: Human rights is the soul of our foreign policy, because human rights is the very soul of our sense of nationhood.Additional Jimmy Carter Quotes Election of 1976: Carter ran against incumbent Gerald Ford against the backdrop of the United States Bicentennial. The fact that Ford had pardoned Richard Nixon of all wrongdoing after he had resigned from the presidency caused his approval rating to severely drop. Carters outsider status worked in his favor. Further, while Ford performed well in their first presidential debate, he committed a gaffe in the second concerning Poland and the Soviet Union that continued to haunt him through the rest of the campaign.   The election ended up being very close. Carter won the popular vote by two percentage points.  The electoral vote was very close. Carter held 23 states with 297 electoral votes. On the other hand, Ford won 27 states and 240 electoral votes. There was one faithless elector representing Washington who voted for Ronald Reagan instead of Ford.   Major Events While in Office: Vietnam War era draft evaders pardoned (1977)Panama Canal Treaty (1977)Camp David Accords (1978)US officially recognizes Peoples Republic of China (1979)Three Mile Island incident (1979)Iran Hostage Crisis (1979-81) States Entering Union While in Office: None Significance of Jimmy Carters Presidency: One of the big issues that Carter dealt with during his administration was energy. He created the Department of Energy and named its first Secretary. In addition, after the Three Mile Island incident, he oversaw stricter regulations for Nuclear Energy plants.   In 1978,  Carter  held peace talks at Camp David between Egyptian president Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin which ended in a formal peace treaty between the two countries in 1979. In addition, America formally established diplomatic relations between China and the U.S.   On November 4, 1979, 60 Americans were taken hostage when the U.S. embassy in Teheran, Iran was taken. 52 of these hostages were held for longer than a year. Oil imports were halted and economic sanctions were imposed. Carter staged a rescue attempt in 1980. Unfortunately, three of the helicopters used in the rescue malfunctioned, and they were unable to proceed. The Ayatollah Khomeini finally agreed to let the hostages go if the US would unfreeze Iranian assets. However, he did not complete the release until Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as president.   Related Jimmy Carter Resources: These additional resources on Jimmy Carter can provide you with further information about the president and his times. Chart of Presidents and Vice PresidentsThis informative chart gives quick reference information on the presidents, vice-presidents, their terms of office, and their political parties. Other Presidential Fast Facts: Gerald FordRonald ReaganList of American Presidents